Unit 6 Civility and Good Manners: Keys to the exercises
Words in Action
2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
1) The car crash wasn’t an accident; it was a(n) deliberate attempt to kill him!
2) She became cautious when she was led into a(n) deserted side street.
3) The government would be unwise to ignore the growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies.
4) She adjusted her mirror and then edged the car out of its parking bay.
5) After years of neglect , the museum is open to the public again.
6) When marchers gathered on a third day of protest, violence broke out and buildings were burned.
7) Due to the depression, our share of the market has decreased sharply this year.
8) He has a very good memory and can still remember every incident that happened 20 years ago in great detail.
9) Don’t ask me; follow your instincts and do what you think is right.
10) One swing of the axe is enough to fell(砍倒) the tree.
11) She refused to confront the inescapable fact that she would have to sell the house.
12) I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.
3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
1) The incident seems to show the company in a bad light .
2) Could we take a walk? I feel like having a little exercise.
3) Cooped up in a small dark cell, the prisoner hasn’t seen daylight for five years.
4) We’d better get rid of these boxes of yours — they are taking up / take up too much space.
5) The village is far away from the town, tucked away behind the hills.
6) He is a nice person. I’ve never seen him get annoyed or lose his temper .
7) Being afraid that he was going to tell the newspapers, the company offered him ?,1000 to shut him up .
8) They lay side by side on the grass, not talking, just looking into thesky and enjoying the gentle spring breeze.
9) Our application was rejected, but the council didn’t give a good reason for its decision.
10) It is reported that youth crime has been on the rise in recent years.
11) Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind.
12) Summers in the south of France are for the most part dry and sunny.
Increasing Your Word Power
1 Many words in English can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Use either thenoun form or the verb form of the words given in the box below to complete allthe sentences. Change the form where necessary.
1) I have nothing but scorn for people who are cruel to animals.
2) We all breathed a sigh of relief when we heard they were safe.
3) I respect his views, although I do not agree with them.
4) The park was overgrown and littered from years of neglect .
5) Qualified staff are leaving and standards are declining .
6) Several leading officers have quite openly scorned the peace talks.
7) Feed plants and they grow, neglect them and they suffer.
8) The first signs of economic decline didn’t become visible until acouple of months later.
9) One swing of the hammer was all it took to drive the nail throughthe board.
10) Investment levels have fallen, while the number of business failureshas risen .
11) Many of us are not happy with the recent sharp rise in gas price.
12) We’ve had a decrease in the number of students enrolling in theschool.
13) His voice was warm with friendship and respect .
14) I lay on my back, listening to the sound of the wind sighing in thetrees.
15) By exercising often, you can decrease your chance of developingheart disease.
16) She sat on the edge of the table, swinging her legs.
2 Complete the following sentences with “behaviour”, “manners”, or both. Changethe form where necessary.
1) It’s not good manners to stare at people.
2) Her lack of manners is quite appalling.
3) He had his jail term cut for good behaviour.
4) Didn’t your parents teach you any manners?
5) I’m sorry, I was forgetting my manners. Can I offer you a drink?
6) Animals in zoos often display disturbed behaviour.
7) Parents can influence the behaviour / manners of their children.
8) He attacked the food as quickly as decent table manners allowed.
9) He could at least have had the manners to answer my letter.
10) The headmaster does not tolerate bad behaviour / manners.
All the words in the following table can form acceptable collocations with thetarget words in italics. Cross out the word that is not similar in meaning fromthe rest in every group.
1) proper 2) due 3) utmost 4) grudgingrespect
1) apologetic 2) sheepish 3) rueful 4) reassuringsmile
1) colloquial2) offensive 3) strong 4) crude language
1) insolent2) soothing 3) cheerful 4) fruity voice
1) lax 2) carefree 3) casual 4) ambivalent attitudes
1) obscene 2) rude 3) theatrical 4) defiant gesture
4 Did you notice the suffixes -ful, -less in words that you have come across fromUnits 1–6, such as harmful, dreadful, joyless, restless? Both suffixes can beadded to nouns or verbs to form adjectives. When added to nouns, -ful canmean “full of” or “having the quality of”, such as careful; while -less can mean“without” or “not having the quality of”, such as careless. In this case, -ful canbe understood as the opposite of -less. But when added to verbs, -ful can mean“apt to, able to; accustomed to”, such as forgetful, while -less can mean “cannotbe -ed”, such as countless.
Now complete the following table by adding -ful and -less to the words. Somewords can be combined with only one of the prefixes. Consult a dictionary ifnecessary.
Nouns / Verbs Adjectives with -fulAdjectives with -less
count—— countless
doubtdoubtful doubtless
eventeventful eventless
forgetforgetful ——
fruitfruitful fruitless
hopehopeful hopeless
mercymerciful merciless
peacepeaceful peaceless
powerpowerful powerless
thoughtthoughtful thoughtless
Translate the following into English, using the words you have thus formed.
1) 一个轻率的决定a thoughtless decision
2) 一位多产的作家a fruitful writer
3) 一位仁慈的老人a merciful old man
4) 一个强大的国家a powerful nation
5) 一个和平的解决方案a peaceful solution
6) 一次令人愉快的聚会a delightful party
7) 一个健忘的人a forgetful man
8) 一个多事的年代an eventful age
9) 一个充满希望的未来a hopeful future
10) 一次毫无结果的调查a fruitless investigation
Grammar in Context
Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention tothe WITH phrase. Reflect on the grammatical function of the WITH phrase in eachsentence and then do the following two tasks.
1) The other boy suddenly stood up and with a quick, deliberate swing of hischubby arm threw a spadeful of sand at Larry. (Para. 1, Text A)
Adverbial of manner
2) He stood with his legs spread apart, rocking a little, looking at Morton withutter scorn. (Para. 16, Text A)
Adverbial of accompanying circumstances; adverbial of manner
3) He walked awkwardly, almost limping with self-consciousness, to thesandbox. (Para. 17, Text A)
Adverbial of cause
4) With all the dignity she could summon, she pulled Larry’s sandy, perspiringlittle hand, while Morton pulled the other. (Para. 18, Text A)
Adverbial of accompanying circumstances
5) Slowly and with head high she walked with her husband and the child out ofthe playground. (Para. 18, Text A)
Adverbial of manner
Task 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing a phrase introducedby WITH.
1) a. She was holding the baby.
b. She was very careful with the baby.
She was holding the baby with great care.
2) a. His chin was cupped in his hands.
b. He looked at his mother sitting opposite him.
With (his) chin cupped in (his) hands, he looked at his mother sitting opposite him.
3) a. A truck screamed down the pathway.
b. Its headlights were flashing and its horn was blaring.
A truck screamed down the pathway, with (its) headlights flashing and (its) hornblaring.
4) a. The teacher entered the classroom.
b. There was a cup in his hand and a textbook under his arm.
The teacher entered the classroom, with (a / his) cup in (his) hand and (a / his)textbook under (his) arm.
5) a. The children stepped into the museum.
b. Their eyes were wide open out of curiosity.
The children stepped into the museum, with their eyes wide open out of curiosity.
Task 2: Translate the following into English, using WITH phrase where possible.
1) 她喜欢闭着眼睛听音乐。
She likes listening to music with (her) eyes closed.
2) 他向我挥手告别，眼里噙满泪水。
He waved me goodbye, with eyes filled with tears.
3) 游客在导游的带领下向海边走去。
With the guide leading the way, the tourists walked towards the seaside.
4) 第一轮谈判结束，双方未能达成任何协议。
The first round of negotiations ended, with no agreements reached between thetwo sides.
5) 说话的时候嘴里塞满食物是一种不好的餐桌礼仪。
It is bad table manners to talk with (the / one’s) mouth full of food.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.
In recent years, there seems to be a rise in disrespectful behaviour displayedespecially by the younger generation. Peace and harmony will be instantlydisrupted the moment an individual is seen as discourteous in particulartowards the older generation. Due to this, parents, teachers, community leadersconstantly talk about respect to their children, students and residents. Thereare indeed many ways or alternatives (1) to inculcate respect. This passage willdiscuss three significant ones.
First of all, a conducive learning environment is crucial in inculcating the valueof respect to children especially in our current (2) society where etiquette andrespect appear to be in decline (3). Adults are good role models for children intheir growing years. For example, if parents treat their elderly in a very rude (4)manner, there is a great likelihood that the children too will be disrespectful (5) totheir grandparents or they may ignore (6) their grandparents. And the reversecan be true too.
Second, being respectful is about being sincere in our actions and gestures (7).That means not only should we practice them in our everyday lives, but weshould also do so with conviction instead of out of sheer (8) obligation. AlbertEinstein once said “I speak to everyone in the same way, whether he is thegarbage man or the president of the university.” If we can be true and sincere tothe people we interact with, we will have treated them courteously (9).
Third, the media (10) plays a crucial role in spreading (11) the message ofrespect. There seems to be a trend (12) in television where some sections (13)of programmes treat impoliteness or lax (14) attitudes about manners in a lightheartedway. If this is not addressed, the situation may get worse.
In summary, respect is one important aspect of civility that we must embraceand practice so that we may remain humane. In addition, we should notcontinue to be ignorant (15) but take appropriate actions to stop this slide inmoral values.
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inbrackets.
1) 没有别的选择，你所能做的就是调整自身适应新环境。(alternative,
adjust)
There’s no other alternative, all you can do is to adjust yourself to the newenvironment.
2) 对绝大多数人而言，财富和名望对建立幸福感没多大促进作用。
(contribute to, a sense of well-being)
For most people, wealth and fame does / do not contribute much to creatinga sense of well-being.
3) 房子已经很长一段时间没有人住，家具上都有了一层厚厚的灰尘。
(deserted, a layer of)
The house has been deserted for a long time and there is a thick layer of duston the furniture.
4) 老师认为那男孩的行为并不是故意的，所以决定予以忽视，并给了他另一
次机会。(deliberate, ignore)
The teacher did not think the boy’s act was deliberate, so he chose to ignore itand gave him another chance.
5) 正是那件事让我对他的看法彻底改变了。(incident，in a … light)
It was that incident that made me see him in a completely different light.
6) 报告指出火灾是由于他的玩忽职守造成的。(due to, neglect)
The report points out that the fire was due to his neglect of duty.
7) 在公众场合吐痰是不礼貌的。我要你停止这种行为。(spit, put a stop to)
It is rude to spit in public. I want you to put a stop to such bad behavior.
8) 从根本上说，他的学习能力没有一点问题。问题的根源是他对语言学习没
有兴趣。(basically, be at the root of)
Basically, there is nothing wrong with his learning ability. What is at the rootof the problem is his lack of interest in language learning.
